Seamless alloy steel tubes and pipes, especially standard ASTM A213, are widely used for boilers, heat exchangers, high pressure devices, superheaters, and reheaters. Due to seamless alloy steel tubes’ hardness and mechanical property, they are siutable for high temperature and high pressure circumstances. ASTM A213 Standard is Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger tubes.
Beside alloy steel tubes, ASTM A213 also includes stainless tubes, which are also widely used for boilers, heat exchangers, and condensers.
What is ASTM A213 Standard?
ASTM A213 is a standard issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) to regulate the manufacturing and inspection requirements of heating surface pipes, headers and steam pipes of low and medium pressure boilers (working pressure is generally not more than 5.88MPa, working temperature is below 450℃). This standard includes some steel grades, such as TP304H, TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb, TP310IICbN, TP316H, TP321H, TP347H, TP347HFG (fine grain) and TP348H, which are specially improved for use at high temperatures.
In addition, the ASTMA213 standard also specifies the size and thickness range of the pipe and the mechanical properties requirements. This standard applies to pipes used on heating surface pipes, headers and steam pipes of low and medium pressure boilers.
Common Grades under ASTM A213
The most widely used grades produced under ASTM A213 include:
|
Grade
|
Chemical Composition (%)
|
Mechanical Properties
|
Key Applications
|
|
T11
|
Cr 1.0-1.5, Mo 0.44-0.65
|
Tensile ≥415 MPa, Yield ≥170 MPa
|
Boiler superheaters, high-temperature piping
|
|
T22
|
Cr 1.9-2.6, Mo 0.87-1.13
|
Tensile ≥415 MPa, Yield ≥205 MPa
|
Subcritical steam pipelines
|
|
T91
|
Cr 8.0-9.5, Mo 0.85-1.05
|
Tensile ≥585 MPa, Yield ≥415 MPa
|
Supercritical boilers, nuclear reactor components
|
Each grade has specific chemical and mechanical characteristics suitable for varying levels of temperature resistance, pressure tolerance, and corrosion resistance.
Manufacturing Processes
Raw Material Processing: Electroslag remelting (ESR) or vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) to ensure ≤0.025% S and P content.
Forming Methods:
Hot rolling: Outer diameters 21.3–635 mm, wall thickness 2–30 mm.
Cold drawing: Precision ±0.1 mm, surface roughness Ra ≤3.2 μm.
Heat Treatment: Solution annealing (1050–1150°C) to enhance creep resistance and dimensional stability
Application scope of ASTM A213 seamless alloy steel pipe
Power industry: supercritical/ultra-supercritical unit superheater tubes (such as TP347HFG grade), resistant to 600℃/25MPa extreme conditions
Petrochemical field: sulfur corrosion-resistant pipelines in catalytic cracking units, with a service life 3-5 times longer than ordinary steel pipes
Environmental protection engineering: waste incinerator exhaust pipes, resistant to corrosion environments containing Cl⁻ and SO₂
Nuclear power equipment: nuclear reactor coolant pipelines, meeting RCC-M standard requirements
|
Grade
|
C
|
Mn
|
P
|
S
|
Si
|
Cr
|
Mo
|
V
|
N
|
Ni
|
Al
|
Nb
|
W
|
|
T2
|
0.10-0.20
|
0.30-0.61
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.10-0.30
|
0.50-0.81
|
0.44-0.65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T5
|
0.15 max
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.50 max
|
4.00-6.00
|
0.45-0.65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T9
|
0.15 max
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.25-1.00
|
8.0-10.0
|
0.90-1.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T11
|
0.15 max
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.50-1.00
|
1.00-1.50
|
0.44-0.65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T12
|
0.15 max
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.50-1.00
|
1.00-1.50
|
0.44-0.65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T22
|
0.05-0.15
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.025 max
|
0.025 max
|
0.50 max
|
1.90-2.60
|
0.87-1.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T91
|
0.08-0.12
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.020 max
|
0.010 max
|
0.20-0.50
|
8.00-9.50
|
0.85-1.05
|
0.18-0.25
|
0.03-0.07
|
0.40 max
|
0.04 max
|
0.06-0.10
|
|
|
T92
|
0.07-0.13
|
0.30-0.60
|
0.020 max
|
0.010 max
|
0.50 max
|
8.50-9.50
|
0.30-0.60
|
.015-0.25
|
0.03-0.07
|
0.40 max
|
0.04 max
|
0.04-0.09
|
1.50-2.00
|
Mechanical Property of ASTM A213 Seamless Alloy Steel Pipes
|
Grade
|
Tensile Strength, Mpa
|
Yield Strength, Mpa
|
Elongation, %
|
Hardness, HB
|
|
T2
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
163 max
|
|
T5
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
163 max
|
|
T9
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
179 max
|
|
T11
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
179 max
|
|
T12
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
179 max
|
|
T22
|
415 min
|
205 min
|
30 min
|
163 max
|
|
T91
|
585 min
|
415 min
|
20 min
|
250 max
|
|
T92
|
585 min
|
415 min
|
20 min
|
250 max
|
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