In today’s industrial landscape, where steel materials are used extensively, seamless steel pipes have become essential components in sectors such as oil and gas, chemical processing, power boilers, machinery manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace. Their advantages—high strength, excellent pressure resistance, and the absence of weld seams on both inner and outer walls—make them particularly suitable for high-performance and high-pressure applications. However, unlike ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) pipes or SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) pipes, which may face different types of welding-related flaws, seamless pipes are particularly prone to surface defects formed during hot rolling or cold drawing processes.Surface quality plays a critical role in performance and post-processing operations. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of eight common surface defects in seamless steel pipes, their causes, and the corresponding preventive measures—insights that also offer valuable references for manufacturers of drill pipes and other tubular products.