What are the indispensable pipe fittings in pipeline engineering?

Date:2024-05-16Tags:Flange, Valves, Elbow, Reducer, Tee fittings

With the continuous development of modern engineering technology, pipeline engineering has been continuously developed, and pipe fittings in pipeline engineering are irreplaceable key components. Among the many pipe fittings, several common pipe fittings such as flanges, valves, elbows, and reducer tees are indispensable. They each perform different functions and work together to form a complete pipeline system. Let us discuss the importance and application value of these pipe fittings in engineering.

 pipe fittings

Flange: the hub for connecting pipes

Flange is the hub for connecting pipelines. Pipes, valves, equipment, etc. are connected together through flanges to form a complete pipeline system. Flanges are widely used in petroleum, chemical, electric power, metallurgy and other industries, and play important functions such as connection, sealing, and support in engineering. Different types of flanges (such as butt welding flanges, threaded flanges, blind flanges, etc.) are suitable for different engineering needs. Their connection methods are simple and reliable, and they are an indispensable part of pipeline engineering.Flange is a disc-shaped part, which is the most common in pipeline engineering. Flanges are used in pairs. In pipeline engineering, flanges are mainly used for the connection of pipelines. In the pipelines that need to be connected, install a flange. Low-pressure pipelines can use wire flanges, and welding flanges can be used with pressures above 4 kg. Add a sealing point between the two flanges and tighten them with bolts. Flanges for different pressures have different thicknesses and use different bolts. When water pumps and valves are connected to pipelines, some parts of these equipment are also made into corresponding flange shapes, also called flange connection. Any connecting parts that are bolted on two planes and closed together at the periphery are generally called "flanges", such as the joints of ventilation ducts. This kind of parts can be called "flange parts". But this connection is only a part of the equipment, Such as the connection between the flange and the water pump, It is not easy to call the water pump "flange parts". Relatively small ones, such as valves, can be called "flange parts".


Valves: Regulators of pipeline fluids

The valve is a fluid control device in the pipeline. By opening, closing, and adjusting the valve, the flow direction, flow rate, pressure and other parameters of the fluid in the pipeline can be controlled. Valves play important roles in engineering, such as regulating, cutting off, and protecting, and are widely used in water supply, gas supply, drainage, chemical processes and other fields. Different types of valves (such as ball valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, etc.) have different characteristics and application ranges. The appropriate valve type can be selected according to engineering needs to achieve precise control of pipeline fluids.A valve is a device that allows or stops the flow of media (liquid, gas, powder) in piping and equipment and controls its flow. The valve is a control component in the pipeline fluid transportation system. It is used to change the channel section and the flow direction of the medium. It has the functions of guiding flow to prevent reverse flow, stabilizing pressure, cutting off, regulating, throttling, check, diverting or overflow pressure relief, etc. . The working principle of the gate valve: There is a plane gate in the valve body that is perpendicular to the flow direction of the medium, and the passage of the medium is opened or closed by the lifting and lowering of the gate. Because valves are used in such a wide variety of applications, the operating conditions of valve sealing surfaces vary widely. The pressure can range from vacuum to ultra-high pressure, the temperature can range from -269°C to 816°C, some working temperatures can reach 1200°C, and the working medium ranges from non-corrosive media to highly corrosive media such as various acids and alkalis. Judging from the stress on the sealing surface, it is squeezed and sheared. From the perspective of tribology, there are grinding wear, corrosion wear, surface fatigue wear, erosion, etc. Therefore, appropriate sealing surface materials should be selected according to different working conditions.


Elbow: diverter for pipeline fluids

Elbow is one of the commonly used pipe fittings in pipelines, which is used to change the flow direction of fluid in pipelines. Elbows are divided into elbows with different angles, such as 90-degree elbows, 45-degree elbows, etc. Choose the appropriate elbow type according to actual engineering needs. Elbows play the role of steering, connecting pipelines, and reducing pipeline resistance in engineering. They are suitable for steering requirements at various angles in the pipeline system and are an indispensable and important component of pipeline engineering.In the pipeline system, elbow is a pipe fitting that changes the direction of the pipeline. According to the angle, there are three most commonly used elbows: 45°, 90° and 180°. In addition, according to project needs, other abnormal angle elbows such as 60° are also included. Elbow materials include cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals and plastics, etc. The methods of connecting to pipes include: direct welding (the most common method) flange connection, hot melt connection, electrofusion connection, threaded connection and socket connection, etc. According to the production process, it can be divided into: welding elbow, stamping elbow, push elbow, casting elbow, butt welding elbow, etc. Other names: 90-degree elbow, right-angle bend, etc.


Reducer

Reducers are used to connect two interface pipe fittings with different diameters or different cross-sections. The reducer is also called the "big and small head". Reducers can be divided into circular reducers, rectangular reducers, square reducers and rectangular connecting pipes with twist direction, which are divided according to the shape of the pipe fittings. According to the different diameters at both ends of the pipe, pipes with different diameters are divided into reduced diameter and eccentric reduced diameter. (Circular reducers and square reducers are prone to concentric and eccentric diameters, while rectangular reducers will only produce single-sided deflection and double-sided deflection folding)


Tee fittings

Tee is also called pipe fitting tee or tee fitting, tee joint, etc. It is mainly used to change the direction of fluid and is used at branch pipes of the main pipeline. Can be classified according to pipe diameter size. Generally made of carbon steel, cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, plastic, argon, PVC and other materials.


Applications

In the oil and gas industry, flanges connect pipelines, valves control fluid flow, elbows change the direction of pipelines, and reducer tees realize fluid diversion, building a complete transportation system to achieve safe and efficient transportation of oil and gas. In chemical production, flanges connect reactors, valves control processes, elbows adjust pipeline directions, and reducer tees realize material diversion, ensuring the smooth progress of the production process.


Conclusion

In summary, pipe fittings in pipeline engineering such as flanges, valves, elbows, reducer tees, etc. are indispensable key components. They each undertake important functions such as connection, control, steering, and diversion. Together, they build A safe and efficient piping system. In engineering practice, engineers and designers need to select appropriate pipe fitting types and specifications based on specific engineering needs to ensure the stable operation and long-term reliability of the pipeline system. With the development of science and technology and the progress of engineering technology, pipe fittings in pipeline engineering will continue to play an important role in promoting the development and progress of the engineering field.

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