ASTM A105 is a carbon steel forging standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), specifically for the manufacture of pipeline components. As a special steel, it belongs to the category of cold forged steel and is essentially a low-carbon steel forging with strict standard control of its chemical composition and mechanical properties. In terms of chemical composition, A105 material contains carbon (C) ≤ 0.35%, silicon (Si) ≤ 0.35%, manganese (Mn) 0.6-1.05%, sulfur (S) ≤ 0.050%, phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.040%, and limited content of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and other elements. This precise composition ratio ensures that the material has good machinability while also having sufficient strength and toughness.